Impact on Carbon and Smog Reduction
What's my PHEV's Impact?
The benefits and impacts that Hybrid Electric Vehicles have on the environment is an ongoing debate with experts and research studies being conducted every day. Today, researchers and regulators are focusing on something called "Well to Wheel" emissions. Simply put, this takes into consideration not just the emissions from the vehicle itself when operating (called "tailpipe" or "tank-to-wheel" emissions), but also the emissions associated with the production, processing, and distribution of the vehicle and its fuel over the lifetime of the vehicle. You could say it's "taking a step back" to consider a vehicle from beginning to end.
- EV -Â Electric Vehicle
- PHEV -Â Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
- IC -Â Internal Combustion (conventional vehicle)







Vehicle Production Emissions
Battery Recycling
